Android Studio error "Installed Build Tools revision 31.0.0 is corrupted"

Question

I'm on Android Studio 4.2.2. I created a new project and haven't added anything to the starter code and whenever I click build or run, I get this error:

Installed Build Tools revision 31.0.0 is corrupted. Remove and install again using the SDK Manager.

I've looked at other posts' suggestions, but neither of those solutions worked. Here's what I've tried:

1. SDK Manager → SDK Tools → check "Show package details", uncheck 31.0.0, and click "Apply" → Uninstall 31.0.0 → check 31.0.0 and reinstall it
2. In SDK Manager, deselect 31.0.0 and try installing an older version (e.g., I've tried 30.0.3) and update "buildToolsVersion" in build.gradle to the installed version
3. Went to Project Structure → Properties and verified that 31.0.0 is selected for "Build Tools Version" and "Compiled SDK Version"
4. Manually remove the stuff in the build-tools folder; i.e., rm -rf /path/to/android/sdk/build-tools/31.0.0 (it doesn't end in "-rc" like some other posts have described)
5. Restart Android Studio
6. Reinstall Android Studio

I'm an Android noob just trying to set up a Hello, World! project, and it really shouldn't be this hard.

Answer 1

First of all, I faced this issue in Android Studio 4.2.2 and you do not need to downgrade the SDK build tool from 31 to 30 or change compile SDK version.

The main problem is the two files missing in SDK build tool 31 that are:

1. dx.bat
2. dx.jar

The solution is that these files are named d8 in the file location so changing their name to dx will solve the error.

The steps are below.

For Windows

1. go to the location

    "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\build-tools\31.0.0"
   

2. find a file named d8.bat. This is a Windows batch file.

3. rename d8.bat to dx.bat.

4. in the folder lib ("C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\build-tools\31.0.0\lib")

5. rename d8.jar to dx.jar

Remember AppData is a hidden folder. Turn on hidden items to see the AppData folder.

For macOS or Linux

Run the following in the Terminal:

# change below to your Android SDK path
cd ~/Library/Android/sdk/build-tools/31.0.0 \
  && mv d8 dx \
  && cd lib  \
  && mv d8.jar dx.jar

Now run your project.

Answer 2

The same problem was encountered and solved with a few line changes.

Check the Project code panel, and go to Gradle Scripts → build.gradle file,

1. Change three places from 31 to 30: compileSdkVersion, buildToolsVersion, and targetSdkVersion
2. You'll notice a lightbulb hit occurring on modified lines. Click and choose sync [to version 30]. Android Studio will automatically download BuildTool V30 and change project settings.

Now run the app. It works for me.

Answer 3

The point is not to downgrade target API level, but to build exactly for API level 31 to prepare and test an app for Android 12!

It looks like DX is removed from SDK in favor of D8.

It looks like that Android Gradle plugin 4.x is not aware of that.

At the moment I see only two solutions:

1. To stay with AGP 4.x, one should copy DX from 30.0.3 to 31.0.0
2. Upgrade AGP to 7.x

Answer 4

The solution for Mac is pretty similar to Windows, yet not fully conclusive from reading the Windows solution. The paths and file names are different, but the problem is basically the same.

• Open the terminal application and type the commands below
• Hit Enter after every command line you type to execute the command
• Type cd /Users/admin/Library/Android/sdk/build-tools/
• Attention: Your user directory name may be different from "admin"
• Navigate to the corresponding version: type cd 31.0.0
• Type cp d8 dx
• Type cd lib
• Type cp d8.jar dx.jar

This fixed my issues on macOS v10.13.6 (High Sierra).

Answer 5

After changing these settings, it seems to work fine. I downloaded SDK version 30 from SDK Manager.

android {
    compileSdkVersion 30
    buildToolsVersion "30.0.3"
    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.anurag.myapplication"
        minSdkVersion 23
        targetSdkVersion 30
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }

Answer 6

In order to fix the issue, firstly go to the following location:

C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\build-tools\31.0.0

Then find the file d8 (Windows batch file) and rename it to dx.

Then go to:

C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\build-tools\31.0.0\lib

Then find the file d8 (Executable Jar File) and rename is to dx.

Your problem will be solved now.

Answer 7

For those who are using Azure DevOps and require things to work with 30.0.3 you need to uninstall version 31.0.0

I added this to my pipeline to make my builds work again.

  - bash: |
      $ANDROID_SDK_ROOT/tools/bin/sdkmanager --uninstall 'build-tools;31.0.0'

The environment variable $ANDROID_SDK_ROOT is in the preset variables

Answer 8

Version 31.0.0 itself is corrupt, and we need to downgrade to 30.

Steps I followed for the same:

1. Open project structure → press Ctrl + Alt + Shift + S

2. Go to Module → properties → *Compiled SDK Version: 30 Build Tools Version: 30.0.2

3. Go to Default Config → Target SDK Version: 30

4. Apply and Close.

5. Menu Tools → SDK Manager

6. Uncheck API 31 to uninstall and check Android 11.0(R) to install (30.0.3) in my case.

7. Apply.

Answer 9

Change your Gradle build from:

android {
    compileSdkVersion 31
    buildToolsVersion '31.0.0'

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.example.eg"
        minSdkVersion 23
        targetSdkVersion 31
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"

        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }

to:

android {
    compileSdk 31

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.example.eg"
        minSdk 23
        targetSdk 31
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"

        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }

This will work.

Answer 10

If you carefully look at the logs you'll see:

Build-tool 31.0.0 is missing DX at path-to-sdk\build-tools\31.0.0\dx.bat

You can try copying it from previous versions, but that won't lend well if you have to tell your entire team to do the same and it still fails on your server pipeline. This happened to me on 31.0.0-rc5 release as well.

Answer 11

M1 Macbook solution:

go to Terminal:

Step1 : cd ~/Library/Android/sdk/build-tools/31.0.0

Step2: mv d8 dx

Step3a: cd lib

Step3b: mv d8.jar dx.jar

Step 4: Rebuild your project in Android studio. or simply run your project from android studio

Note if you are running a different version other than 31.0.0 then change the version in the step 1 command line.

Answer 12

In file build.gradle (Module: HelloWorld.app):

• compileSdkVersion 30
• buildToolsVersion "30.0.0"
• targetSdkVersion 30

Change the above configuration to this:

Answer 13

I answered this question over here, but I'll copy/paste the answer as it's relevant:

---

As pointed out in other issues, the problem is that dx (or dx.bat) is no longer available. This was a purposeful change announced in 2018.

Suggested resolutions of renaming d8 to dx or copying it from build tools 30.0.0 will resolve the issue, but dx isn't likely to return. So you'll be stuck patching every build tools installation on every developer's machine going forward.

The more forward-compatible solution is to upgrade your Android Gradle plugin. This isn't as straightforward as just changing the number in Gradle, but I find that Android Studio's upgrade process works well for my projects. If you open your project-level build.gradle file, open up the quick fixes menu from the lightbulb over your

dependencies{
    classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:...'

section. From here, choose to upgrade to the newest possible version (not just 4.x in my case).

Then I run the upgrade steps for literally everything:

My issue was Unity-specific though: I needed to use the system Android SDK rather than the one built in, but Unity itself likes to regenerate these build files and will just grab the newest buildtools it can find. To reduce manual steps and to avoid having to export my project, I instead chose to generate my module-level build.gradle files from my "Player Settings>Publishing Settings" window:

Both files will have a line that looks like:

buildToolsVersion '**BUILDTOOLS**'

Which you can replace with:

buildToolsVersion '30.0.0'

From Unity, this lets me build and deploy projects as I had before without modifying the buildtools installation.

Answer 14

In many blogs, you will find that the solution is to downgrade to the API 30, however, if you want to experiment with the API 31, downgrading isn't a real solution. Fortunately, there's a way to make the build tools work for API 31. The cause of the corruption of the build tools for API 31 is 2 missing files:

• dx.bat
• dx.jar

These files exist however with another name, specifically:

• d8.bat
• d8.jar

So the workaround to prevent this exception from appearing is either to copy the mentioned files that exist with the new names or create a symbolic link (shortcut in Windows) and it will magically work. This will work in all the operative systems, however the way to do it will depend of every platform.

Windows You can do this manually or with the command prompt, to create the symlink for dx.bat (remember to replace the SDK directory with yours):

mklink C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\build-tools\31.0.0\dx.bat C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\build-tools\31.0.0\d8.bat

And the command to create the symlink for dx.jar:

mklink C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\build-tools\31.0.0\lib\dx.jar C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\build-tools\31.0.0\lib\d8.jar

After copying and renaming the mentioned files or running the previous commands to create the symbolic links (shortcuts), you will have new 2 files in the build-tools and build-tools/lib directory:

MacOS and Linux If you are using MacOS or Linux, running the following command in the terminal will do the trick (it switches to the build tools directory and then moves the d8 to dx and d8.jar to dx.jar):

cd ~/Library/Android/sdk/build-tools/31.0.0 && mv d8 dx && cd lib && mv d8.jar dx.jar

Try to build your project in Android Studio once again and the exception shouldn't appear anymore!

Answer 15

I downloaded dx.bat file from https://android.googlesource.com/platform/dalvik/+/master/dx/etc/dx.bat.

I put it in \build-tools\31.0.0 and then downloaded the dx.jar file (which was also missing, by the error message I got) from http://www.java2s.com/Code/Jar/d/Downloaddxjar.htm.

I put it into directory \build-tools\31.0.0\lib.

Then it worked.

Answer 16

I don't have enough reputation for commenting yet, but there is the solution with symbolic links for Windows, and I'd like to add that it works for macOS, too.

That's the command for Mac's terminal:

ln %ANDROID_HOME%/sdk/build-tools/31.0.0/d8 %ANDROID_HOME%/sdk/build-tools/31.0.0/dx && ln %ANDROID_HOME%/sdk/build-tools/31.0.0/lib/d8.jar %ANDROID_HOME%/sdk/build-tools/31.0.0/lib/dx.jar

Answer 17

You don't need to specify android.buildToolsVersion from Build Tools 27.0.3 or higher.

Build Tools 27.0.3 or higher. Keep in mind, you no longer need to specify a version for the build tools using the android.buildToolsVersion property—the plugin uses the minimum required version by default.

Source (Developers.Android)

Answer 18

1. In Finder/File explorer, go to Android's build-tools folder. In Mac, it's at /Users/<username>/Library/Android/sdk/build-tools.
2. Rename d8.exe to dx.exe
3. Go inside lib folder
4. Rename d8.jar to dx.jar

Answer 19

First of all, guys if you're facing these types of issues you can try the solution where we need to shift 31 to 30. And after that some important steps are required to do: Step:

1. To open project structure > Press Ctrl+Alt+Shift+S
2. Open Module > properties > Compiled Sdk Version: 30 Build Tools Version: 30.0.2
3. Click on Default Config > Target SDK Version: 30

---

After that, your task is not, in some cases still, you can see this configuration is not accepted, you need to do these steps also:

1. Go to the top Right area, and click on SDK Manager Icon.

2. Select Android SDK > image 1 where you need to tick all Android version which you need*

3. After tick Click OK and then install.

4. Android SDK > SDK Tool > right down side > show Package detail > tick on 30.0.2 option and then install. image 2 > select 30.0.2

5) Now done click OK install> apply your good to go.

Answer 20

To uninstall only Build-Tools 31.0.0 from Android Studio

Navigate to:
Configure -> SDK Manager -> SDK Tools [tab] -> Show Package Details [check box]
click on Android SDK Build-Tools 31
uncheck 31.0.0
and Hit OK

Answer 21

I unistalled and installed the 31.0.0 package and still it was showing the error.

I used RC2 build tools and it compiled and ran fine without downgrading to SDK version 30.

In file app/build.gradle:

buildToolsVersion "31.0.0-rc2"

Answer 22

My Android Studio Arctic Fox 2020.3.1 Patch 2
with
downloaded Android 12 and Android SDK Build-Tools 31 in Android SDK

working with buildToolsVersion "31.0.0"

build.gradle (Project)

buildscript {
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath "com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.0.2"
        classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:1.5.30"
    }
}

task clean(type: Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

build.gradle (Module)

plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'kotlin-android'
}

android {
    compileSdk 31
    buildToolsVersion "31.0.0"

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.example.android12"
        minSdk 21
        targetSdk 31
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"

        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }
    kotlinOptions {
        jvmTarget = '1.8'
    }
}

dependencies {

    implementation 'androidx.core:core-ktx:1.6.0'
    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.3.1'
    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.4.0'
    implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.1.0'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.+'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.3'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.4.0'
}

gradle-wrapper.properties

#Fri Sep 10 13:52:36 ICT 2021
distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-7.0.2-bin.zip
distributionPath=wrapper/dists
zipStorePath=wrapper/dists
zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME

Answer 23

I was getting the same error for API 33. I tried several solutions answered above but what worked for me was uninstalling all the API and dependencies of version 33.0.0 and reinstalling them back.

It takes some time but it worked. Here's how you can uninstall and install them back in Android Studio - https://stackoverflow.com/a/54851554/7584658

Hope that helps. Thanks

Answer 24

Press Ctrl+Alt+Shift+S to open project structure. The select Module from the left.

Open Properties tab and change the followings:
Compiled Sdk Version: 30
Build Tools Version: 30.0.2

After that open Default Config tab and change:
Target SDK Version: 30

Answer 25

I unchecked 31 under the SDK Manager, clicked Android 11.0(R) to revert back to 30, and updated the Build Gradle (project) to change compileSdkVersion and targetSdkVersion from 31 to 30.

I also had to update buildToolsVersion to "30.0.2" instead of 30. Now it works.

Answer 26

Try to reinstall the SDK 31 again and restart Android Studio, it should work. Otherwise, from the SDK Manager, install the SDK 30 to the System and configure the app build Gradle file as

compileSdkVersion 30
buildToolsVersion "30.0.0"
defaultConfig {
    targetSdkVersion 30
}

Answer 27

It's a conflict issue with Android studio and SDK 31.

Convert your build.gradle file like this:

android {
    compileSdkVersion 30
    buildToolsVersion "30.0.3"

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.example.app"
        minSdkVersion 21
        targetSdkVersion 30
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"

        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }
}

Answer 28

There are so many wrong and misleading answers here.

The only thing you should really do is to install the latest Android Studio Beta version if you're using the Beta SDK. With the latest Android Studio Beta comes support for the latest AGP, which correctly supports SDK 31.

Answer 29

In build.gradle(Module) file. Change the following settings.

android {
    compileSdkVersion 30
    buildToolsVersion "30.0.0"

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.recycleview.mvvm"
        minSdkVersion 16
        targetSdkVersion 30
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"

        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }

Answer 30

I had this same issue using SDK Build tools 34.0.0. My fix was to update gradle:

gradle-wrapper.properties:

distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-7.5.1-all.zip

android/build.gradle:

       classpath("com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.3.1")